Best Practices in Architecture

Cover of Eero Saarinen, by Jayne Merkel

If architectural design is an apt metaphor for enterprise architecture, then perhaps the approaches of leading building architects also apply to enterprise design. In her authoritative review of the work of 20th century genius Eero Saarinen, architectural critic Jayne Merkel describes his studio's method:

1. Definition of the "functional program" with considerable research
2. "Expression of the program" in the concept
3. Selection of appropriate "structure"
4. "Design"

The client was involved in each phase, participating in the research to define and prioritize requirements, reviewing architectural concepts for resolving their specific conflicts and approving structural approaches, materials and budgets prior to beginning detailed design.

His were unusual, ambitious, challenging buildings. The variety in the work, the "style for the job" philosophy, as it was called, was really the result of the way he worked and the fact he believed architectural form should derive from function in the broadest possible sense.

He was singularly collaborative in his approach, using the resources of his clients, among them "the technical innovators of his period (General Motors, MIT, IBM, Bell Labs)" to automate design, adapt new materials, and refine his craft.

Eero could meet each client on his own terms. He respected his clients and what they wanted to do (something that many architects with their own objectives fail to do) because, though he believed architecture should aspire to be art, he saw it as one grounded in use.

Consultants, as enterprise architects, are well advised to adopt not only his approach but his collaborative style to designing business structures, processes, systems and offerings.

1. Today's design teams can deploy wiki technology to engage all the client's resources in developing a thorough, shared, context-rich understanding of requirements, objectives and alternative solution concepts.
   
2. Rapid visualization techniques and virtual meetings allow broad and early participation of users, influencers and decision-makers throughout the design process.
   
3. Collaborative content management systems can capture design elements in secure vaults and maintain version control as reviewers make modifications or add detail.
4. With appropriate controls, the key constituencies throughout the enterprise, including suppliers, can access relevant information and contribute to designs as they develop.
   

See Eero Saarinen by Jayne Merkel, (Phaidon Press, London, 2005), pp. 230-3
See also our previous post, Mastering Innovation Management, which contrasts the styles of Eero Saarinen and Frank Lloyd Wright

See our approach to Retail Lifecycle Management™ (RLM) for a discussion of the application of PLM techniques to managing the process of store design and its related information. Click on the RLM topic in the Index of Content on This Site on the sidebar to the right of this blog.

To learn more about our work in consulting, read about our Practice or check out our Case Studies

The Smart Kitchen

A vintage fast food kitchen


The kitchen of a quick service restaurant is the operator's most valuable asset, typically representing an investment of $400,000-$1,000,000. If poorly designed or maintained, this factory behind the service counter can put a wrench in the works of a restaurant's profitability, by wasting energy or food ingredients, inhibiting efficient use of labor or failing to reach expected yields of healthy, attractive product. By applying the kinds of monitoring and control technologies that have become standard in regulating the efficiency of other factories, restaurant operators can boost profitability substantially.

McDonald's, which operates or influences the design of some 31,000 kitchens around the world, has announced plans to move in this direction, selecting Echelon Corp., a San Jose, Calif.-based networking company, to layer its system on McDonald's sites, networking the controls on kitchen appliances and environmental systems, including such items as grills, fryers, coolers, icemakers, and HVAC (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) systems to create "smart kitchen" environments.

Equipment can be scheduled to enter energy-saving standby levels when no use is detected, thus saving energy and appliance wear and tear...Other features monitor usage by product type to determine optimum filtering periods based on what's cooked, thus extending oil life, and monitor appliance performance, alerting the operator to contact a service technician if equipment is outside its ideal operating characteristics. (See "NRN" below)

By centrally monitoring the data collected from these store environments, the operator of a chain of restaurants can identify emerging maintenance requirements, fine-tune preventive maintenance schedules and detect opportunities for adjusting operating procedures or restaurant designs. The impacts of overnight power outages on refrigerator temperatures, for example, can be determined system-wide, preventing potential calamity.

The franchising model complicates decisions to invest in such technologies, since investments made in the technology by corporate staff may not be embraced by the independent operators that must ultimately share data to take full advantage of the capability. As recently as 2005, indicating the corporation's reticence about taking on the Big Brother role, McDonald's CEO Jim Skinner said, "If you are looking for a command center with one push button that operates our restaurants in every corner of the world, you won't find it.” Big Mac's Makeover

Now, with food safety, energy efficiency and green design moving to the forefront of every operator's agenda, such ventures into system-wide collaboration are becoming more acceptable.

Notes:
"NRN" FindArticles - Self-aware equipment: smart kitchen in reach Nation's Restaurant News, Oct 8, 2007

“Big Mac’s Makeover: McDonald’s Turned Around”, The Economist, Oct. 14, 2004


To learn more about our work in consulting, read about our Practice or check out our Case Studies